Private companies supply the voting equipment, software, and services used across U.S. elections. All systems used in federal elections must be certified by the EAC. Three companies dominate the market.
ES&S is the largest voting equipment company in the United States, with customers in approximately 4,500 localities across 42 states. All final hardware configuration and software development occurs in Omaha. Ownership: M-One Capital and ES&S management.
The second-largest U.S. voting system vendor. Equipment was used in 27 states in the 2024 presidential election. In October 2025, Dominion Voting Systems was acquired by Scott Leiendecker (former Republican Missouri election official and founder of e-pollbook company KnowInk) and rebranded as Liberty Vote.
The third-largest U.S. voting system vendor, with over 100 years of history in election services (originally a ballot printing company). Hart is the only major vendor headquartered outside the Midwest. Their Verity platform is an end-to-end system covering the full election cycle.
Specializes in vote-by-mail scanning and independent audit systems. Emphasizes transparency and verifiability. Clear Ballot's systems are often deployed alongside other vendors' equipment to provide an independent verification layer.
The leading electronic poll book (e-pollbook) vendor in the United States. E-pollbooks replace paper poll books at polling places — they allow poll workers to look up voters digitally and check them in in real time, often syncing with the statewide voter registration database. KnowInk's Poll Pad (iPad-based) is used across many states.
Provides electronic poll book and voter registration database software, primarily in Florida and a handful of other states.